随着流式处理的发展，出现了越来越多的工具和语言，使得数据处理变得更加高效、灵活和易用。在此背景下，SLS 推出了 SPL(SLS Processing Language) 语法，以此统一查询、端上处理、数据加工等的语法，保证了数据处理的灵活性。iLogtail 作为日志、时序数据采集器，在 2.0 版本中，全面支持了 SPL 。本文对处理插件进行了梳理，介绍了如何编写 SPL 语句，从插件处理模式迁移到 2.0 版本的 SPL 处理模式，帮助用户实现更加灵活的端上数据处理。
SPL
iLogtail 目前的处理模式一共支持 3 种处理模式。
- 原生插件模式：由 C++实现的原生插件，性能最强。
- 拓展插件模式：由 Go 实现的拓展插件，提供了丰富的生态，足够灵活。
- SPL 模式：随着 iLogtail 2.0 在 C++处理插件中支持了 SPL 的处理能力，对数据处理能力带来了很大的提升，兼顾性能与灵活性。用户只需要编写 SPL 语句，即可以利用 SPL 的计算能力，完成对数据的处理。SPL 语法可以参考https://help.aliyun.com/zh/sls/user-guide/spl-syntax/?spm=a2c4g.11186623.0.0.2bb67eeaChOwLy
 |
| 特点 | 开发门槛 | |
| 原生插件 |
|
|
| 扩展插件 |
|
|
| SPL |
|
|
总的来说，iLogtail 2.0 + SPL 主要有以下的优势：
- 统一数据处理语言：对于同样一种格式的数据，用户可以在不同场景中使用同一种语言进行处理，提高了数据处理的效率
- 查询处理更高效：SPL 对弱结构化数据友好，同时 SPL 主要算子由 C++实现，接近 iLogtail 1.X 版本的原生性能
- 丰富的工具和函数：SPL 提供了丰富的内置函数和算子，用户可以更加灵活地进行组合
- 简单易学：SPL 属于一种低代码语言，用户可以快速上手，日志搜索、处理一气呵成
接下来，本文将介绍如何用灵活的 SPL 语句，实现其他两种处理模式相同的处理能力。
原生插件对比
正则解析
根据正则提取提取字段
127.0.0.1 - - [07/Jul/2022:10:43:30 +0800] "POST /PutData?Category=YunOsAccountOpLog" 0.024 18204 200 37 "-" "aliyun-sdk-java"| enable: true inputs: - Type: input_file FilePaths: - /workspaces/ilogtal/debug/simple.log processors: - Type: processor_parse_regex_native SourceKey: content Regex: ([\d\.]+) \S+ \S+ \[(\S+) \S+\] \"(\w+) ([^\\"]*)\" ([\d\.]+) (\d+) (\d+) (\d+|-) \"([^\\"]*)\" \"([^\\"]*)\" Keys: - ip - time - method - url - request_time - request_length - status - length - ref_url - browser flushers: - Type: flusher_stdout OnlyStdout: true | enable: true inputs: - Type: input_file FilePaths: - /workspaces/ilogtail/debug/simple.log processors: - Type: processor_spl Script: | * | parse-regexp content, '([\d\.]+) \S+ \S+ \[(\S+) \S+\] \"(\w+) ([^\\"]*)\" ([\d\.]+) (\d+) (\d+) (\d+|-) \"([^\\"]*)\" \"([^\\"]*)\"' as ip, time, method, url, request_time, request_length, status, length, ref_url, browser | project-away content flushers: - Type: flusher_stdout OnlyStdout: true |
{
"ip": "127.0.0.1",
"time": "07/Jul/2022:10:43:30",
"method": "POST",
"url": "/PutData?Category=YunOsAccountOpLog",
"request_time": "0.024",
"request_length": "18204",
"status": "200",
"length": "37",
"ref_url": "-",
"browser": "aliyun-sdk-java",
"__time__": "1713184059"
}分隔符解析
根据分隔符分隔提取字段
127.0.0.1,07/Jul/2022:10:43:30 +0800,POST,PutData Category=YunOsAccountOpLog,0.024,18204,200,37,-,aliyun-sdk-java| enable: true inputs: - Type: input_file FilePaths: - /workspaces/ilogtail/debug/simple.log processors: - Type: processor_parse_delimiter_native SourceKey: content Separator: "," Quote: '"' Keys: - ip - time - method - url - request_time - request_length - status - length - ref_url - browser flushers: - Type: flusher_stdout OnlyStdout: true | enable: true inputs: - Type: input_file FilePaths: - /workspaces/ilogtail/debug/simple.log processors: - Type: processor_spl Script: | * | parse-csv content as ip, time, method, url, request_time, request_length, status, length, ref_url, browser | project-away content flushers: - Type: flusher_stdout OnlyStdout: true |
{
"ip": "127.0.0.1",
"time": "07/Jul/2022:10:43:30 +0800",
"method": "POST",
"url": "PutData?Category=YunOsAccountOpLog",
"request_time": "0.024",
"request_length": "18204",
"status": "200",
"length": "37",
"ref_url": "-",
"browser": "aliyun-sdk-java",
"__time__": "1713231487"
}Json 解析
解析 json 格式日志
{"url": "POST /PutData?Category=YunOsAccountOpLog HTTP/1.1","ip": "10.200.98.220",
"user-agent": "aliyun-sdk-java",
"request": "{\"status\":\"200\",\"latency\":\"18204\"}",
"time": "07/Jul/2022:10:30:28",
"__time__": "1713237315"
}| enable: true inputs: - Type: input_file FilePaths: - /workspaces/ilogtail/debug/simple.log processors: - Type: processor_parse_json_native SourceKey: content flushers: - Type: flusher_stdout OnlyStdout: true | enable: true inputs: - Type: input_file FilePaths: - /workspaces/ilogtail/debug/simple.log processors: - Type: processor_spl Script: | * | parse-json content | project-away content flushers: - Type: flusher_stdout OnlyStdout: true |
{
"url": "POST /PutData?Category=YunOsAccountOpLog HTTP/1.1",
"ip": "10.200.98.220",
"user-agent": "aliyun-sdk-java",
"request": "{\"status\":\"200\",\"latency\":\"18204\"}",
"time": "07/Jul/2022:10:30:28",
"__time__": "1713237315"
}正则解析+时间解析
根据正则表达式解析字段，并将其中的一个字段解析成日志时间
127.0.0.1 - - [2006-01-02T15:04:05 +0800] "POST /PutData?Category=YunOsAccountOpLog" 0.024 18204 200 37 "-" "aliyun-sdk-java"| enable: true inputs: - Type: input_file FilePaths: - /workspaces/ilogtail/debug/simple.log processors: - Type: processor_parse_regex_native SourceKey: content Regex: ([\d\.]+) \S+ \S+ \[(\S+) \S+\] \"(\w+) ([^\"]*)\" ([\d\.]+) (\d+) (\d+) (\d+|-) \"([^\"]*)\" \"([^\"]*)\" Keys: - ip - time - method - url - request_time - request_length - status - length - ref_url - browser - Type: processor_parse_timestamp_native SourceKey: time SourceFormat: '%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S' flushers: - Type: flusher_stdout OnlyStdout: true | enable: true inputs: - Type: input_file FilePaths: - /workspaces/ilogtail/debug/simple.log processors: - Type: processor_spl Script: | * | parse-regexp content, '([\d\.]+) \S+ \S+ \[(\S+)\] \"(\w+) ([^\"]*)\" ([\d\.]+) (\d+) (\d+) (\d+|-) \"([^\"]*)\" \"([^\"]*)\"' as ip, time, method, url, request_time, request_length, status, length, ref_url, browser | extend ts=date_parse(time, '%Y-%m-%d %H:%i:%S') | extend __time__=cast(to_unixtime(ts) as INTEGER) | project-away ts | project-away content flushers: - Type: flusher_stdout OnlyStdout: true |
{
"ip": "127.0.0.1",
"time": "07/Jul/2022:10:43:30 +0800",
"method": "POST",
"url": "PutData?Category=YunOsAccountOpLog",
"request_time": "0.024",
"request_length": "18204",
"status": "200",
"length": "37",
"ref_url": "-",
"browser": "aliyun-sdk-java",
"__time__": "1713231487"
}正则解析+过滤
根据正则表达式解析字段，并根据解析后的字段值过滤日志
127.0.0.1 - - [07/Jul/2022:10:43:30 +0800] "POST /PutData?Category=YunOsAccountOpLog" 0.024 18204 200 37 "-" "aliyun-sdk-java"
127.0.0.1 - - [07/Jul/2022:10:44:30 +0800] "Get /PutData?Category=YunOsAccountOpLog" 0.024 18204 200 37 "-" "aliyun-sdk-java"| enable: true inputs: - Type: input_file FilePaths: - /workspaces/ilogtail/debug/simple.log processors: - Type: processor_parse_regex_native SourceKey: content Regex: ([\d\.]+) \S+ \S+ \[(\S+) \S+\] \"(\w+) ([^\\"]*)\" ([\d\.]+) (\d+) (\d+) (\d+|-) \"([^\\"]*)\" \"([^\\"]*)\" Keys: - ip - time - method - url - request_time - request_length - status - length - ref_url - browser - Type: processor_filter_regex_native FilterKey: - method - status FilterRegex: - ^(POST|PUT)$ - ^200$ flushers: - Type: flusher_stdout OnlyStdout: true | enable: true inputs: - Type: input_file FilePaths: - /workspaces/ilogtail/debug/simple.log processors: - Type: processor_spl Script: | * | parse-regexp content, '([\d\.]+) \S+ \S+ \[(\S+) \S+\] \"(\w+) ([^\\"]*)\" ([\d\.]+) (\d+) (\d+) (\d+|-) \"([^\\"]*)\" \"([^\\"]*)\"' as ip, time, method, url, request_time, request_length, status, length, ref_url, browser | project-away content | where regexp_like(method, '^(POST|PUT)$') and regexp_like(status, '^200$') flushers: - Type: flusher_stdout OnlyStdout: true |
{
"ip": "127.0.0.1",
"time": "07/Jul/2022:10:43:30",
"method": "POST",
"url": "/PutData?Category=YunOsAccountOpLog",
"request_time": "0.024",
"request_length": "18204",
"status": "200",
"length": "37",
"ref_url": "-",
"browser": "aliyun-sdk-java",
"__time__": "1713238839"
}脱敏
将日志中的敏感信息脱敏
{"account":"1812213231432969","password":"04a23f38"}| enable: true inputs: - Type: input_file FilePaths: - /workspaces/ilogtail/debug/simple.log processors: - Type: processor_desensitize_native SourceKey: content Method: const ReplacingString: "******" ContentPatternBeforeReplacedString: 'password":"' ReplacedContentPattern: '[^"]+' flushers: - Type: flusher_stdout OnlyStdout: true | enable: true inputs: - Type: input_file FilePaths: - /workspaces/ilogtail/debug/simple.log processors: - Type: processor_spl Script: | * | parse-regexp content, 'password":"(\S+)"' as password | extend content=replace(content, password, '******') flushers: - Type: flusher_stdout OnlyStdout: true |
{
"content": "{\"account\":\"1812213231432969\",\"password\":\"******\"}",
"__time__": "1713239305"
}拓展插件对比
添加字段
在输出结果中添加字段
this is a test log
| enable: true inputs: - Type: input_file FilePaths: - /workspaces/ilogtail/debug/simple.log processors: - Type: processor_add_fields Fields: service: A IgnoreIfExist: false flushers: - Type: flusher_stdout OnlyStdout: true | enable: true inputs: - Type: input_file FilePaths: - /workspaces/ilogtail/debug/simple.log processors: - Type: processor_spl Script: | * | extend service='A' flushers: - Type: flusher_stdout OnlyStdout: true |
{
"content": "this is a test log",
"service": "A",
"__time__": "1713240293"
}Json 解析+丢弃字段
解析 json 并删除解析后的指定字段
{"key1": 123456, "key2": "abcd"}| enable: true inputs: - Type: input_file FilePaths: - /workspaces/ilogtail/debug/simple.log processors: - Type: processor_parse_json_native SourceKey: content - Type: processor_drop DropKeys: - key1 flushers: - Type: flusher_stdout OnlyStdout: true | enable: true inputs: - Type: input_file FilePaths: - /workspaces/ilogtail/debug/simple.log processors: - Type: processor_spl Script: | * | parse-json content | project-away content | project-away key1 flushers: - Type: flusher_stdout OnlyStdout: true |
{
"key2": "abcd",
"__time__": "1713245944"
}Json 解析+重命名字段
解析 json 并重命名解析后的字段
{"key1": 123456, "key2": "abcd"}| enable: true inputs: - Type: input_file FilePaths: - /workspaces/ilogtail/debug/simple.log processors: - Type: processor_parse_json_native SourceKey: content - Type: processor_rename SourceKeys: - key1 DestKeys: - new_key1 flushers: - Type: flusher_stdout OnlyStdout: true | enable: true inputs: - Type: input_file FilePaths: - /workspaces/ilogtail/debug/simple.log processors: - Type: processor_spl Script: | * | parse-json content | project-away content | project-rename new_key1=key1 flushers: - Type: flusher_stdout OnlyStdout: true |
{
"new_key1": "123456",
"key2": "abcd",
"__time__": "1713249130"
}Json 解析+过滤日志
解析 json 并根据字段条件过滤日志
{"ip": "10.**.**.**", "method": "POST", "browser": "aliyun-sdk-java"}
{"ip": "10.**.**.**", "method": "POST", "browser": "chrome"}
{"ip": "192.168.**.**", "method": "POST", "browser": "aliyun-sls-ilogtail"}| enable: true inputs: - Type: input_file FilePaths: - /workspaces/ilogtail/debug/simple.log processors: - Type: processor_parse_json_native SourceKey: content - Type: processor_filter_regex Include: ip: "10\\..*" method: POST Exclude: browser: "aliyun.*" flushers: - Type: flusher_stdout OnlyStdout: true | enable: true inputs: - Type: input_file FilePaths: - /workspaces/ilogtail/debug/simple.log processors: - Type: processor_spl Script: | * | parse-json content | project-away content | where regexp_like(ip, '10\..*') and regexp_like(method, 'POST') and not regexp_like(browser, 'aliyun.*') flushers: - Type: flusher_stdout OnlyStdout: true |
{
"ip": "10.**.**.**",
"method": "POST",
"browser": "chrome",
"__time__": "1713246645"
}Json 解析+字段值映射处理
解析 json 并根据字段值的不同，映射为不同的值
{"_ip_":"192.168.0.1","Index":"900000003"}
{"_ip_":"255.255.255.255","Index":"3"}| enable: true inputs: - Type: input_file FilePaths: - /workspaces/ilogtail/debug/simple.log processors: - Type: processor_parse_json_native SourceKey: content - Type: processor_dict_map MapDict: "127.0.0.1": "LocalHost-LocalHost" "192.168.0.1": "default login" SourceKey: "_ip_" DestKey: "_processed_ip_" Mode: "overwrite" HandleMissing": true Missing: "Not Detected" flushers: - Type: flusher_stdout OnlyStdout: true | enable: true inputs: - Type: input_file FilePaths: - /workspaces/ilogtail/debug/simple.log processors: - Type: processor_spl Script: | * | parse-json content | project-away content | extend _processed_ip_= CASE WHEN _ip_ = '127.0.0.1' THEN 'LocalHost-LocalHost' WHEN _ip_ = '192.168.0.1' THEN 'default login' ELSE 'Not Detected' END flushers: - Type: flusher_stdout OnlyStdout: true |
{
"_ip_": "192.168.0.1",
"Index": "900000003",
"_processed_ip_": "default login",
"__time__": "1713259557"
}字符串替换
替换日志中的指定字符串
hello,how old are you? nice to meet you| enable: true inputs: - Type: input_file FilePaths: - /workspaces/ilogtail/debug/simple.log processors: - Type: processor_string_replace SourceKey: content Method: const Match: "how old are you?" ReplaceString: "" flushers: - Type: flusher_stdout OnlyStdout: true | enable: true inputs: - Type: input_file FilePaths: - /workspaces/ilogtail/debug/simple.log processors: - Type: processor_spl Script: | * | extend content=replace(content, 'how old are you?', '') flushers: - Type: flusher_stdout OnlyStdout: true |
{
"content": "hello, nice to meet you",
"__time__": "1713260499"
}数据编码与解码
Base64
对日志进行 Base64 加密
this is a test log| enable: true inputs: - Type: input_file FilePaths: - /workspaces/ilogtail/debug/simple.log processors: - Type: processor_base64_encoding SourceKey: content NewKey: content1 flushers: - Type: flusher_stdout OnlyStdout: true | enable: true inputs: - Type: input_file FilePaths: - /workspaces/ilogtail/debug/simple.log processors: - Type: processor_spl Script: | * | extend content1=to_base64(cast(content as varbinary)) flushers: - Type: flusher_stdout OnlyStdout: true |
{
"content": "this is a test log",
"content1": "dGhpcyBpcyBhIHRlc3QgbG9n",
"__time__": "1713318724"
}MD5
对日志进行 MD5 加密
hello,how old are you? nice to meet you| enable: true inputs: - Type: input_file FilePaths: - /workspaces/ilogtail/debug/simple.log processors: - Type: processor_string_replace SourceKey: content Method: const Match: "how old are you?" ReplaceString: "" flushers: - Type: flusher_stdout OnlyStdout: true | enable: true inputs: - Type: input_file FilePaths: - /workspaces/ilogtail/debug/simple.log processors: - Type: processor_spl Script: | * | extend content1=lower(to_hex(md5(cast(content as varbinary)))) flushers: - Type: flusher_stdout OnlyStdout: true |
{
"content": "this is a test log",
"content1": "4f3c93e010f366eca78e00dc1ed08984",
"__time__": "1713319673"
}新增能力项
数学计算
4
| enable: true inputs: - Type: input_file FilePaths: - /workspaces/ilogtail/debug/simple.log processors: - Type: processor_spl Script: | * | extend val = cast(content as double) | extend power_test = power(val, 2) | extend round_test = round(val) | extend sqrt_test = sqrt(val) flushers: - Type: flusher_stdout OnlyStdout: true |
{
"content": "4",
"power_test": 16.0,
"round_test": 4.0,
"sqrt_test": 2.0,
"val": 4.0,
"__time__": "1713319673"
}URL 计算
URL 编码解码
https://homenew.console.aliyun.com/home/dashboard/ProductAndService
其他更多能力请参考 https://help.aliyun.com/zh/sls/user-guide/function-overview 欢迎大家补充更多 iLogtail SPL 实践案例！[点赞] |